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Often seen in tiny little bowls in the pet store, this male of this species is fiercely territorial and must be kept in separate bowls or aquariums or they may fight to the death.

These interesting fish are equipped with a tipped up mouth that enables them to get air from the surface of the water and, therefore live in small bowls or those plant vases t

Each pump should have at least one extra air valve outlet than you will be using. This outlet should be partially left open as a "bleeder" to prevent back-pressure damage to the pump. A small piece of air-line tubing on the outlet will resolve any "hissing" noise.

Do you think Im some sort of aqua-fossil for my shameless promotion of air pumps for aerati

Run the pumps for another 15 minutes in this mixture. Disassemble and scrub and rinse all the individual parts before placing the pumps back in the tank. After all of this, your powerheads should look and run just like brand new.

Conclusions

Powerheads are usually the silent workhorses of our aquariums. Good ones perform their function of powering filters or providing circulation while requiring little maintenance other than a good cleanin

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Testing your water (see below) the first days will show no ammonia present, but due to life going on in the water this material will soon show up. At some point, opportunistic bacteria species will gain in sufficient numbers to utilize this food source and convert it to nitrite (as shown on chart). At some point days to a few weeks later, the nitrite will inspire the growth of populations of other bacteria that convert the nitrite to nitrate. This la

The screen is then covered by 2" of fine coral gravel. This allows the aquarist to turn over the top inch of gravel occasionally to clean it, without disturbing the anaerobic layer below.

Anaerobic bacteria form in the bottom depths of the substrate and in the water below. As anaerobic bacteria cultivate, they remove nitrates. Anaerobic action produces a fair amount of heat. The heat warms the water layer below the gravel. The warmer water flows upwards, displacing cooler water above the gravel. This action moves water through the plenum at very slow rates. The slow movement of water through the gravel helps to prevent dangerou

Fish Out of Water
Although Boni Comandante Jr.’s technique is intended to ship fish used for food, the idea of putting fish to 'sleep' and then transporting them without water is an interesting one.....

Question about rock
I am not sure if this is the place for this, but I had to start somewhere. I am going to be doing a 90gal. soon and wanted to know if I can use limestone as a base for my reef? I want to fill the tank with the lim.