California Reef Specialists, 740 Tioga Ave., Sand City, CA 93955, 408-394-7271 produce a handy, informative newsletter on temperate reefs as well as supplying cold water organisms and "live-rock". They have David Wrobels excellent "cool" booklets too.

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Anaerobic bacteria form in the bottom depths of the substrate and in the water below. As anaerobic bacteria cultivate, they remove nitrates. Anaerobic action produces a fair amount of heat. The heat warms the water layer below the gravel. The warmer water flows upwards, displacing cooler water above the gravel. This action moves water through the plenum at very slow rates. The slow movement of water through the gravel helps to prevent dangerou

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Then allow the growth of the fish you have to fill the aquarium to capacity. Saltwater: Saltwater has far less dissolved oxygen than freshwater. The rule we use for saltwater is three inches of fish for every square foot of surface area. For example, a 55-Gallon aquarium (48" Long by 13" Wide) has approximately four square feet of surface area, so approximately twelve inches of fish can be kept in a 55-gallon aquarium. In saltwater, look for quality, not quantity! If you have a wet-dry filter or Berlin reservoir, you can technically count the s More

saltwater aquariums aquarium Time Frame: May be zero, as in "instantly cycled", to a few (2-3) weeks generally. "Used" Media, Substrates: If you can be sure that a friend, friendly store has no standing issues with pests, parasites, you might utilize some of their "used" filter media, sand/gravel, and "muck" (the gunk that can be vacuumed out from the bottom) to establish nitrogen cycling. Such precious More

Complimentary Goldfish
I've heard of people traveling with dogs, cats, and even an occasional fish. But this Chicago hotel takes vacationing with pets to a new level. They will provide a goldfish....

Porcupine Puffer, anyone?
I just wanted to know if anyone has a porcupine puffer in their Fish only tank (Knowing they cant be kept in reef tanks)? I'm planning on adding a porcupine puffer including 2 true clownfish in a 50 gallon FOWLR tank in the near future. I was wondering if anyo.