Aquarium Current Lighting

At this point you can safely install your first cool water livestock.

Water Changes:

Should be done more frequently and with larger volumes, a minimum of twenty five percent change out per month.

Metal Poisoning:

I dont know why cold water systems seem to suffer more from this type of toxicity more than tropical, but aquarists seem to introduce metal; contaminants in decor, substrat

Please see Figure 1 for a detailed overview of nitrogen cycling.

For marine aquarium keeping the picture is much simpler (Figure 2). Protein Nitrogen enters into the system mainly as livestock and food. Eaten and not most of this material is broken down/converted to (

The plenum method was discovered by Dr. Jean Jaubert and is often referred to as the Jaubert System. "Plenum" refers to an un-oxygenated layer of water trapped beneath a deep layer of gravel or sand at the bottom of an aquarium. This layer of water becomes anaerobic. Bacteria cultivate in this oxygen-free environment and remove nitrates from the aquarium. There are several variations of the plenum, depending on what literature you read.

The basic structure of the plenum system is essentially a deep (3" to 4") layer of gravel, suspended 1/2" to 1" above the bottom of an aquarium. It is usually recommended that very little

The use of aquarium supplements allows us to make sure the tropical fish, invertebrates, plants and macro algae in our aquariums are receiving proper nutrition.

Freshwater fish obtain most of their nutrients from the food they eat. Freshwater fish do not drink water, whereas saltwater fish do. Using vitamin and mineral supplements on food fed to temperate and tropical freshwater fish in captivity will ensure they are getting the right nutrition. Using vitamins directly in the water of marine aquaria will

The most common cause of fish disease is poor water quality so it is vital that you perform regular maintenance on the tank, making sure you do a partial water change periodically and clean out any waste or uneaten food so it does not decay and poison the water.

Many fish disease can be halted if you provide treatment as soon as you see any signs of your fish being sick. Therefore, it is important that you monitor your fish each day to see if there are any signs of illness.

Some common symptom

Hitchhikers !! Part 1 & 2
Part 1 http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2006-04/reefslides/index.php Part 2 http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2006-08/reefslides/index.php.

African Cichlid Care
The methods of care for African Cichlids can vary, and it is vital that beginners to learn how to maintain ideal aquarium conditions. Once you have created the ideal environment for your African Cichlids, you may refer to the following guidelines for maintaining their nutritional ....

Goniopora Stokesi
I got this gonio two months back after confirming with the owner that it is not a dyed coral. Recently, there was speck of brown surfacing (refer to pic). Coral is place est. 11" away from light souce. Gonio remain very healthy. The question i really wants to know is (i'm worry it is....