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..), and a low oxygen plenum zone of water within to promote the anaerobic chemical and biological reduction of nitrates. Some folks add a further screen over a portion of the su

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This is not the end of the world. Despite what youve been led to believe, the oceans reefs are not absolutely pristine, nor immutable in water quality. Their inhabitants have corresponding tolerance within a range and rate for different parameters. Similar to freshwater systems, your goal is to arrange for an optimized water chemistry, and avoid quick & drastic changes. For instanc

A good stop-gap measure, but not a long-term solution. You want to find the root cause/s of the problem and solve them.

Adding More Beneficial Microbes: Can be done by placing more cured live rock, and/or clean "old" substrate or filter media, or cycling products.

Adding Bio-Absorbers: Macro-Algae are probably the best known forms of photosynthetic life that can be added safely to help "take up" ammonia, nitrite. Caulerpa and Halimeda spp. in particular are good for this purpose.

Chemical Filtrants: Exist for removing amm

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Now, lets take a look at a typical marine tank set-up; A small water volume, with lots of non-filter feeders, happily over-fed. Small wonder the battle to limit their waste build-up.

The next subsections delve into filtration methods as principally biological, physical/mechanical, and chemical. All three kinds of filtration occur in all types of filters; and all potential filters you evaluate for purchase/use should be weighed for their efficiencies/manipulation for all three.

.. to be practical.

The Actual Arrangement:

Due diligence, what does it mean to you? Here it means investigating enough to make intelligent choices/decisions on what is best for your system... How many through-puts (bulkheads, gas-jet fittings, thru-hulls...) of what diameter will you want/need? Where should they go? Maybe an overflow standpipe arrangement is better for your application? P

phosphates too high
hello again- Well my 90 gallon predator/reef tank has been up in running for about 7 months. Everything is running smoothly so far- water parameters are nitrate > 20 ppm, nitrite 0ppm, ammonia 0 ppm, pH 8.2, salinity 1.025, but phosphat.

SE vs DE
I did a search but my searching skills suck I guess. I'm trying to figure out if DE is worth the cost over SE for a dual setup over a 75 or a 90 gallon tank, haven't decided yet, but I obviously want the most light for the least money :) .

Help Please..
I have to be out by the first any help would be appreciated...as i am one handed moving is difficult.. I am moving out of Pablo into ronan.. anytime this week would be great... let me know thx..