Aquarium Sumps

To assure this last point is clear. Having low (less than ten ppm) nitrate is desirable, but not essential with fish only, live rock and algae systems.

Your goal in preparing an environment suitable to support your animal livestock is to first get populations of these two bacteria groups going in your new aquarium.

Graph of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate concentrations ver

.. by bushing up the lines here.

2) Practically speaking there is no "too large" overflow line size or number of overflows themselves. If you think 1" diameter through puts will do, go with 1 1/4" or even 1 1/2". Think you can get by with one overflow line of large/r diameter? Use at least two overflows... trust me here... as one is very likely, make that VERY likely to fail, get clogged, blocked by any number of circumstances, events. Systems of more than a hundred or so gallons should have at least three overflow lines... Ive seen very big tanks with numerous overflow lines

3) Modifications should be made gradually; more important than any given point is the rate of change in water chemistry.

The healthier your livestock is to start with, the more drastic changes they can endure. Around the world, Ive seen "delicate" marine life swim into freshwater, sewage, garbage strewn areas with impunity. Life is not easy on the reef. Currents and storms are constant, theres more and less light, salinity, oxygen, Redox... Conditions are dynamic, not static.

Your filtration systems function is therefore two-fold; to reduce the amount, effects

I feel that this amount of maintenance is reasonable given how much I liked the performance of this unit.

As for negatives, the units are a little big and unattractive, but in my mind so are powerheads in a display. Either can be dealt with using strategic placement and concealment in, around, or behind the aquascaping. I have also heard of some people complaining about these units because they redu

Voila (!). No muss, no fuss... no leaks, and youll be able to unthread these fittings if you should desire at a later date... This Silicone trick is really a worthwhile technology... nesting the threads s

Cleaning Under Your UGF
If you've ever considered tearing down your under gravel filter, just to clean the junk out from under the plate, here is a tip you'll enoy. ....

The Mad Reefer, Bloomington, Illinois
Does anyone know how to contact the owners of the Mad Reefer? I realized that it closed, but they have (had?) a fish tank of mine on consignment. I am looking to either reclaim the fish tank or see if it sold. Even if you just have the previous owners' names, that would be great. Thanks!.

Shelldweller from Lake Tanganyika

Lamprologus ocellatus

There are several species of shelldwellers in lake Tanganyika, but this one is definitely my favorite, Lamprologus ocellatus. Shelldwellers are maybe not the most colorful fish form the lake but they make up for this lack o.