Fishtank Gravel Calculations

At time/point 5 ammonia starts to drop off in concentration, being readily oxidized by the first group of nitrifiers. Ditto at time/point 6 for the second group of bacteria. At time seven the system has officially "cycled" with ammonia and nitrite now at undetectable levels. In completely cycled, balanced systems the curve of nitrate concentration will flatten as marked (8) with an unbalanced situation (too little denitrification, use of nitrates by other life, transport by water changes, over-feeding/under-filtration...) accounting for an ever-increasing level/concentration of nitrate as indicated by (9)

The gearing routinely gets gummed up and fails to create the back and forth flow rendering them to nothing more than a standard powerhead. And, if that was not bad enough, they are not particularly powerful units either.

Conclusion

As I stated briefly before, wavemakers are not necessary to get good coral growth or coloration, but they can add a dramatic visible effect to the di

All it takes is time, patience and some starter source of the microbes involved.

.. they do.

3) Avoid excess, extra twists and turns in your plumbing arrangement. All those tees, elbows, couplings, gate valves... anything that restricts flow is to be reduced to a minimum. All such impediments reduce flow, add resistance to your pump, increase the cost per unit flow.

Through-Put Fittings:

Call them Bulkhead Fittings, Gas-Jacket/Spa Fittings, Through-Hull Fittings... these are all plastic devices fitted through holes in tanks that allow (slip and threa

If you do not remove it, it will punctually rot and cause havoc in the tank.

Bettas prefer to eat from the upper parts of the water column. They dont really enjoy eating from the bottom of the tank. So before dropping the food in the tank, make sure you have his attention. Let him see the food, get it close to his face from the outside of the aquarium, let him check out what it is, and then there you go! Drop food in front of his nose. The best way is to drop a tiny bit of food--about 6 frozen brine shrimp, watch the bettas eat it all and then look a

Mini-Aquariums
College classes are beginning, but that doesn't mean you have to give up on pets just because you live in a dorm or small apartment. Mini-aquariums can be....

Be gentle, it's my first time
Hi, my name is Victor and I'm a fish-a-holic. Have had FW for years and years and years.... Tried SW in college, but I didn't inhale. (or research it) = tank-o-cide. :( Any who, just bought an established 30 gallon from a friend. Compact flourescent.

Breeding Clownfish

Breeding Clownfish
By William Berg

Thanks to Disney's Motion Picture 'Finding Nemo', almost everybody is familiar with clownfish.
Clownfish, or Anemonefi.