Aquarium Services

The screen is then covered by 2" of fine coral gravel. This allows the aquarist to turn over the top inch of gravel occasionally to clean it, without disturbing the anaerobic layer below.

Anaerobic bacteria form in the bottom depths of the substrate and in the water below. As anaerobic bacteria cultivate, they remove nitrates. Anaerobic action produces a fair amount of heat. The heat warms the water layer below the gravel. The warmer water flows upwards, displacing cooler water above the gravel. This action moves water through the plenum at very slow rates. The slow movement of water through the gravel helps to prevent dangerou

This type of fish food is better suited for the dietary requirements of pond fish in cool water and wont pollute the water with excess ammonia. Some water gardeners continue to feed their fish until they no longer come to the surface. I stop feeding my pond fish when the water falls below 42 F.
There is no need to worry about "frozen fish" if a section of the pond is at least 18 inches deep. Pond fish will seek the deepest part of the pond and over-winter there un

aquarium services

All this being stated, there are many folks who have been and are successful with tiny, mini-mini marine systems and nano-reefs, tanks of a few gallons to pickle jars. I say, "More power to them". Theyre the lucky and/or learned ones who know and do "what it takes" (very little really) to make a system work: proper set-up, patience, and balance.<

Branching off below this closed loop for any other applications is not recommended; we need a dedicated supply of water here. Obey the manufacturers recommendations for line size. Home aquariums of a couple hundred gallons or less will likely use 1" or " pipe. Larger pumps and systems will use accordingly larger plumbing for this purpose.

The manifold ring/loo

About Overloading Your Tank:

Many "bad things" can and do happen when a system has too much too soon in the way of wastes to process. In a nutshell, too much ammonia, nitrite or nitrate is outright poisonous to your livestock. Having just appreciable ammonia or nitrite is deleterious/harmful to growing ex

Scratched Glass
Most of us have run into this problem at one time or another. Care to share your experience with scratched glass? "Does any one know how to fill some scratches....

Mud sump
Hi, my husband is starting a new 170 gal tank with a 100 gal mud sump for me. Is it ok to take maybe a third of the mud from my 50 gal mud sump and use it like a sourdough starter? How long would it take for it to cycle? Thanks.

African Cichlids in the aquarium

african cichlids

Cyprichromis leptosoma

The most popular African cichlids come from Lake Malawi and lake Tanganyika. The cichlids from lake Malawi are generally mor.

newbie with some questions...
hello everyone, i am new to this site and it looks really good! anywho, my cycle finished about a week ago, and i just added a fiji blue devil to my tank today. he seems very happy and healthy, getting used to his/her new home. and boy is he fun to watch! there is one hole in the rock that .