The Boston Aquarium

Modern power filters with their small cartridges, foam pads, and spinning or whirling gimmick devices, will never be adequate for proper biological filtration, in spite of the misleading and exaggerated claims made by some manufacturers.

Under-Gravel Filters: This was the first true biological filter invented for the aquarium. The gravel in an aquarium is suspended above one or more plastic plates, which are equipped with "lift tubes" that extend vertically from the bottom to the water surface. Air is pumped into the bottom of the lift tubes and rises up the tubes, carrying water w

In some cases, this may seem redundant, but this is done to emphasize the importance of these reasons to avoid that species.

A - Fish that should never be kept in captivity, period.

B - Fish that may be kept successfully, but ONLY in public aquaria that can supply their specialized needs.

C - Fish that are often kept successfully in larger reef aquaria, but usually do not survive in fish-only aquariums. This

Should you be a U/G proponent make sure yours covers as much of the systems base as you can, utilize large air-lifts, stones, power-heads to maximize flow, and be diligent in vacuuming your substrate.

Biological filtering action is not confined to the above modes. Any suitable medium with the systems water passing over it will sponsor bacteria populations and conversion to some extent. I do not like to rely on just undergravel or any one ty

For novice fish breeders, breeding gouramis can be an appealing challenge. Getting them to spawn and raising the fry can be a rewarding experience.

Gouramis are labyrinth fishes. They have labyrinth, which is an air-filled breathing hole, located under the

These consist of two Magtinics and two 10,000K lamps by Coralife. Tom alternates the Magtinics with the 10Ks. All of the lamps are standard fluorescents (Normal Output).

The lights sit on top of a glass canopy and are all on timers. One strip on each tank comes on at 11AM; the other strip comes on at noon. The lights stay on for 12 hours each, with the first strip off at 11PM and the others at midnight. Thus, the tanks are lit by s

Cleaning Under Your UGF
If you've ever considered tearing down your under gravel filter, just to clean the junk out from under the plate, here is a tip you'll enoy. ....

Be gentle, it's my first time
Hi, my name is Victor and I'm a fish-a-holic. Have had FW for years and years and years.... Tried SW in college, but I didn't inhale. (or research it) = tank-o-cide. :( Any who, just bought an established 30 gallon from a friend. Compact flourescent (T5's) 1 actinic 1 6000K lighting. Inhabitants:1....

African Cichlid Care
The methods of care for African Cichlids can vary, and it is vital that beginners to learn how to maintain ideal aquarium conditions. Once you have created the ideal environment for your African Cichlids, you may refer to the following guidelines for maintaining their nutritional ....

Refugium reverse photo period, could it actually fuel daytime algae?
I was just reading some articles about PH and whatnot (Randy Holmes Farley stuff) and started to think about CO2. If algae gives off Co2 at night time when it isn't photosynthesizing, then the chaeto ball in my fuge is doing just that during the day when the fuge light is off and the display light is on .. thus, helping to fuel algae in my display tank! Am I wrong? Or is i.