Reef Aquarium Closed Loop Plumbing

Heres my take on the most common paths.

Rationale: Who Are These Guys, Why Do I have To Know About Them?

A short version of the story: Fish and invertebrate livestock produce ammonia (NH3) as their principal excretory product This material is unfortunately quite toxic to them and its too expensive, inconvenient to remove it by dilution, chemical filtration. Happily, there is a group of microbes/bacteria tha

Reef, cold, temperate or tropical, etc.; and consideration of food use of the organisms (herbivorous, planktivorous, piscivorous) metabolisms (slow to fast), as well as density (light to too much). Tanks with half as much life in them are easily four times easier to take care of.

Contributing Factors:

Irregardless of the type of set-up, filtration, or livestock you have the following applies in terms of system shape, circulation and aeration.

System Shape:

Flatter, shallower, more square systems are easi

Youre lightings ready to go with a fool-proof restraint and ventilation. Next is the most confusing, least understood area of setting-up; filtration.

Filters are a big category with two major ways of looking at them, by type and how they work. Lets do both. First of all some filter basics review. Filters of any sort are designed to selectively remov

Please also remember to resist buying species that you cannot presently house humanely on the mere hope or expectation of a larger aquarium in time. Too many large species stunt and die prematurely in captivity for having been kept in undersized tanks. Some dreadful myths t

This technique is not appropriate for most retailers who are better off recirculating, mixing system water.

How it Works:

Each tank or tub on a system is drilled and fitted with an overflow through the back or a bottom standpipe. Acrylic aquaria are easily drilled wit

Question about rock
I am not sure if this is the place for this, but I had to start somewhere. I am going to be doing a 90gal. soon and wanted to know if I can use limestone as a base for my reef? I want to fill the tank with the limestone and then seed it in areas with high quality live rock. If I cannot use....

Breeding African Cichlids
HOW TO CARE FOR AFRICAN CICHLIDS BREEDING Once you have established your aquarium of African Cichlids, and decided which species you prefer best, you’ll observe after several months that your acclimated Cichlids are happy, healthy and well adjusted within their new community. In time, you may begin to observe displays of.

Tank Setup Expenses
Hey I was wondering how much you have spent on setting up a FOWLR or a reef tank w/o the livestock? It would deeply be appreciated if you posted every single equipment and its cost. Thanks.