Aquarium Air Pump Reviews

They also produce much less heat than metal halide lamps.

There is no question that metal halide lighting is still (and probably always will be) the mainstay of marine reef aquarium lighting. However, we have rarely seen a reef aquarium lit by metal halide bulbs that did not require a chiller for success, unless the aquarium was located in a cool room or was equipped with some form of major ventilation system. PowerCompact bulbs allow many photo-receptive species to be kept without the intense heat produced by halides. Research has shown that many stony corals, clams, and other sessile species that depend on photosynthesis of zooanthellic al

Heaters come in sealed submersible or not formats. Get and use the former only. If you need one of two-hundred or more watts, get two of two thirds or so of that wattage each and place them in separate ends of the system, not in a sump. Place the heaters low in the tank (but not undergravel) to facilitate heat diffusion, and prevent you from breaking them. Most heaters are accidentally broken by removing or replacing them when theyre too darn hot! The should be set in the tank water for fifteen minutes plus before plugging in, and unplu

You might ask (at least I do), "Why dont you see all this filter gear on the reefs in the wild?" Well, you kind of do. Next time youre underwater, take a look around. There really is a lot of water per unit of livestock, and lots of circulation and aeration. Notice the predominant forms of life around you; corals, sponges, bivalves... What mode of food gathering do they employ? Theyre mainly filter feeders, sieving out plankton, gametes, wastes, suspended inorganic material... thats why the waters so clear. Stuck in and amongst (and inside other life) are algae, some big, others micro

In general: the primary excretory product of fishes and invertebrates is ammonia (whether theyre fed or not). Were it not to dilution by water change, chemical filtrants and/or biological filtration ammonia would accumulate to toxic concentrations.

As the story goes ammonia is converted to nitrites by way of microbes, notably by Nitrosomonas bacteria. Nitrites are in turn changed into nitrates by other microbes, especially Nitrobacters. This assortment of populations takes a while to establish itself

Their reasons? They worked. Not much was commonly known as to why. Now we "know" that the aforementioned beneficial bacteria thrive in such settings with their chemical food (ammonia, nitrite, oxygen, and CO2 as a source of carbon) flowing oh-so conveniently by the nooks and crannies living space provided by the "holey" substrate.

Even today, with the advent of macro-algae, reef, "Berlin" and other "live-rock" systems in use providing the same habitat, circulation and buffering advantages, undergravel filtration remains the predominant method of

Why Do My Fish Hide All The Time?
Fish that hide all the time are a baffling and frustrating problem for the owner. Here are suggestions for how to coax your fish out into the open where you....