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The scientific method for determining the exact number of fish involves using calculations that take the oxygen carrying-capacity factor into consideration, providing a total "biomass" or weight of all the fish that can safely be kept in one tank. This weight measurement is called the "carrying capacity."

In some public aquariums, fish farms, and aquaculture facilities, a sampling of fish are actually weighed before they are introduced to a system to prevent over-crowded conditions. It is impossible to do this for the average home aquarium.

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These low maintenance units are great not only for driving down the accumulation of the "end products" of aerobic nitrification, but also as harbors and cultures of interstitial fauna that can add a great deal of reef fish nutrition. To top it all off, the reductive nature of the denitrator dissolves the calcareous sand, making minera

Of course this might not be practical for your pet fish but the more closely you can resemble his natural diet the better off your fish will be. If you can give him live food once in a while that will be great, in the interim you can feed him frozen foods, tubifex worms and brine shrimp. This fish will eat fl

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Brave New World Technology:

Fluidized bed, algal (turf) scrubbers, anaerobic denitraters, and oh, so much more are on the cutting-edge of new ways to biologically filter water.

Fluidized bed filters are additional borrowed technology from the sewage treatment industry (along with novel "out-gassing" rings,

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Modern filter plates, commercial and custom-made utilize chemically inert materials to provide continuous, even flow through the whole systems base. The best incorporate large (one inch plus) air-lift, powerhead and pump driven mechanisms. (photograph).

There is nothing wrong with airstone-only driven systems. These move a goodly volume of water, with the added benefit of increased gaseous diffusion; while not adding extra waste heat. Air pumps are the "lowest-cost" provider of water movement.

Sponge and Box Types:

Laugh if you will, you old

lighting help
Alright im gonna make my own canopy and wanna retro some lights in it. Im not sure on what lights to use but i dont want buy anything later down the road. So heres what i was thinking 2 175 watt 10k metal maybe 2 96 watt vhos and 2.

Breeding African Cichlids
HOW TO CARE FOR AFRICAN CICHLIDS BREEDING Once you have established your aquarium of African Cichlids, and decided which species you prefer best, you’ll observe after several months that your acclimated Cichlids are happy, healthy.