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Your success in keeping aquatic life depends on establishing and keeping these bacterial populations in sufficient numbers as your biological filtration.

So, what are these magical microbe helpers and how can you get them going for you in your aquarium? Theyre are a few approaches here, with variations therein, and all with their various endorsers and detractors. Again, dont let these differences of opinion faze you. Bear in mind that the end result of all these different efforts is the same. This is to make a home for sufficient numbers of beneficial microbes to help keep your tank clean and healthy.

Of the Many Ways t

Small water changes (20%) each month will keep the water in good shape until spring. Koi are "jumpers"-so be sure to cover the pool with bird netting!
Improper seasonal feeding can lead to a build-up of toxic ammonia, which stresses fish and reduces their winter survivability. When the water temperature drops to approximately 65 F, start feeding with Spring

Some anaerobic denitrification does occur in every system; but not enough to offset the forward accumulation of nitrate. There are filter module products that portend to promote these microbes and their beneficial activities. Like dating, I urge you to be careful in their selection and use. Many (dates and denitrators) are "high-maintenance" units requiring daily fooling-with. All have the potential defect of other anaerobic production toxifying your system. Finally, in my opinion, theyre just not worth the hassle, c

They are by far, the filters most capable of producing and maintaining high water quality. Their costs of acquisition and operation are commensurate with the enhanced and stable environment they produce.

My Pitch on Installing Filters:

Do it now, as the next step in setting up your system. Thats right, Im encouraging you to fill the tank (and filters) up as is and fire the biological and mechanical

nutrient) elimination. I eagerly await the commercialization of these units.

My respect is not so great for anaerobic denitrators. Denitrification is just what it appears to be; a reverse of the biological processes weve gone over called nitrification, with nitrate being converted back to nitrite, ammonia and finally nitrogen gas. This feat is accomplished by other bacteria species that thrive in the absence o

Black Neon Tetra
Few things are as eye-catching as a large school of shimmering tetras. If you already have a school of Neon or Rummy Nose Tetras, consider adding Black Neons....

Tunze DOC Skimmer 9015/9020
Have anyone tried/had experience with this skimmer ? any good?.