Tetra Aquarium Filters

Nitrification occurs principally through bacteria (e.g. Nitrosomonas) metabolizing ammonia to nitrites (NO2-) and other groups (e.g. Nitrobacter) in turn converting nitrites to nitrates (NO3-). Lets look at this in another way (refer to Figure 3); an "idealized" time line for establishing nitrogen cycling in a new marine aquarium:

At mark "0" youve just set up your system and placed all new (read that as sterile) marine water (synthetic). In most cases, the hobbyist will shortly thereafter ("1") introduce either A) Some hardy (nitrogenous waste resistant) fishes, such as damsels to help "pop" t

approach can work satisfactory for the toughest of reef organisms. As far as creating and maintaining optimized water quality, air and power-head driven systems are low-scorers. Such "nitrate-factories" are better adapted for use as low oxygen denitrators by increasing substrate depth and removing their airlift tubes. They attain their highest and best use when employed in a totally separate sump or refugium where periodic cleaning and other disruption does not disrupt a

If properly designed and built tall enough, they have the ability to cultivate not only aerobic nitrifying bacteria, but also facultative anaerobic denitrifying bacteria. This means they may have the capability to remove not only ammonia and nitrite, but also nitrates. They usually consist of some type of column chamber which houses several cups or more of coarse sand or similar media. Water enters at the bottom of the filter and exits a

Placement of the manifold at or slightly below the water surface (the nozzles at least) reduces or eliminates any issues with salt creep or salt spray.

Tapped into the manifold ring we need multiple tees, angled slightly downward as a good-sense precaution in case the nozzles leak or become "liberated". The placement of these tees is not of much critical concern as long as you have enough in total to work with; the ability to manipulate water flow through any of them is very flexible and efficient. Ill suggest 4 to 6 teed outlets per 100 gallons of tank volume, spac

tetra aquarium filters

Adding Food For Your Microbes:

A few companies make ammonia available as products to nutrify developing bacterial populations in new systems. These or fish foods of any sorts can be added in small quantities to speed along the establishment of nutrient cycling.

What Happens in Your System:

A new tank is essentially sterile, bereft of all life forms. By your making conditions of certain ranges, like temperature and salinity, you set the stage for what sorts of life will be favored. Furthermore, stocking the system w

Why Do My Fish Hide All The Time?
Fish that hide all the time are a baffling and frustrating problem for the owner. Here are suggestions for how to coax your fish out into the open where you....

250W HQI (Double Ended) MH Retrofit Reflectors
I just got these in! I've been waiting to see them. They are very nice well built reflectors. Not flimsy at all. Vented, and they include a nice heavy glass shield. They are available in a 150w version also if there is interest? I dont have too many right now-I wanted to get a look at them....

Corydoras in the aquarium

corydoras

Corydoras aeneus

The large corydoras family contains at least 120 different species, and a lot of these are widely available in aquarium shops all over the word. Their popularity is not surprisingly, they have nice coloring, are very outgoing and are always busy .

newbie with some questions...
hello everyone, i am new to this site and it looks really good! anywho, my cycle finished about a week ago, and i just added a fiji blue devil to my tank today. he seems very happy and healthy, getting used to his/her new home. and boy is he fun to watch! there is one hole in the rock that is large enough for him and he loves going in there.... backwards lol well i was wondering if there are.