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There is a finite and practical stocking density to any aquarium. Rules of thumb such as X inches/cm of fish per gallon are really inappropriate without perspective. Beyond the obvious differences and potentials to various filtration methodologies when placed on the same sized aquarium, there is the very real matter of mass versus length. Ten dainty cardinalfish at 3 cm (1.2 inch) each do not place the same

Easily mistaken for spotted gar.

Spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus
Long snout and spots. Spots to a higher degree towards the posterior of its body. Easily mistaken for Florida spotted gar.

Shortnosed gar, Lepisosteus platostomus
The shortnosed gar can be identified by its short snout, and by the lack of teeth rows in the upper jaw like the alligator gar, and the lack of spots on its body.

Long-nosed gar, Lepisosteus osseus
The long-nosed gar is, as the name suggests, identified by its long slender snout, and also by its slender body.

Alligator gar, Atractosteus spatula
The alligator gar has a shor

Intervention methods by aquarists; water changes, chemical filtrants, sped-up complete biological cycling (wet-dry filtration, algal scrubbers, abundant, vigorous live rock, macro-algae) can be brought into play to successfully limit the "bottle-neck" accumulation of nitrate ("8").

Expediency and Rates of Reaction:

Depending on such factors as the physical format of food/wastes provided, temperature, bacteria population dynamics, and oxygen supply, biological filtration in your system can be a forgotten breeze or an unending nightmare.

Allow me to elaborat

If one of the fish is overly aggressive, and it is a one-sided aggression and you should separate them or risk loosing one of them.

During their spawning process, they will use their mouths to clean a flat rock, and the female will lay her eggs there. Not all the eggs are la

They are designed to run 24/7. This constant on and off can damage or destroy some powerheads. I would only use Aquarium Systems or Hagen powerheads for this type of usage. Even such, occasionally these powerheads will make a brief chattering noise when first turned on. This can be annoying to some individuals, so be aware. Check out this link for more:

http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/cav1i4/power_heads/Power_Heads.htm

Hydor Flo Rotating Deflector:

This is another wavemaker that I like, although it functions in a completely different manner than the Aquarium Systems Natural Wave. This device is an add-on feature to a powerhead

Breeding African Cichlids
HOW TO CARE FOR AFRICAN CICHLIDS BREEDING Once you have established your aquarium of African Cichlids, and decided which species you prefer best, you’ll observe after several months that your acclimated Cichlids are happy, healthy and well adjusted within their new communi.

Where to place my Zoa's??
I was wondering how much light most Zoa's need. I am thinking of putting the new frags lower in the tank, right on the sand bed or just a little above. I have a 26" deep tank and I am using 250W MH and pc Actinics for lighting. I have some zoos that are doing fine in .

Special For 8/22/06 - 8/25/06
Moonlights: Marina Brand; White Light unit with adapter: $13.99 LED unit w/cord $6.99 Connection box w/adapter $11.99 Regards, Kevin.