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A fish dies for no apparent reason, and the aquarium owner runs out and buys a replacement. A week or two passes, and another fish dies, and another replacement is purchased. This process may continue indefinitely, or until the aquarist runs out of money. It is always a good idea to determine why a fish died before replacing it. Oxygen test kits are available to determine if an aquarium has an oxygen deficit.

Adding air bubbles through an air pump to an aquarium does not

..) as a waste by-product. This ammonia is discharged in various forms, leaked into the environment (water) as shown. Through aerobic processes, microbes of two different groups convert ammonia (ionized and not) to nitrite, and another group from nitrite to nitrates.

IMO Best To Not Methods of Establishing Nitrogen/Nutrient Cycling:

A full disc

Placement of the manifold at or slightly below the water surface (the nozzles at least) reduces or eliminates any issues with salt creep or salt spray.

Tapped into the manifold ring we need multiple tees, angled slightly downward as a good-sense precaution in case the nozzles leak or become "liberated". The placement of these tees is not of much critical concern as long as you have enough in total to work with; the ability to manipulate water flow through any of them is very flexible and efficient. Ill suggest 4 to 6 teed outlets per 100 gallons of tank volume, spac

If youre setting up a new aquarium, installing a plenum will be relatively easy. If you have an existing reef tank, installing a plenum will involve a fair to major amount of work. Definitely read up on the subject before you go to work.

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For this article, I want to focus on the less expensive wavemaker devices- the ones that most anyone in this hobby could afford. Besides that, these units are the ones that I have had the most experience with. It is not that I am cheap mind you. I will pay good money for something that is well built and useful or necessary, but I dont like to squander money, either!

Mini-Aquariums
College classes are beginning, but that doesn't mean you have to give up on pets just because you live in a dorm or small apartment. Mini-aquariums can be....

Nova Extreme T5 Ho?!?!
For my birthday my daughter bought me the NOVA T5 light.... Well it did not come with any true directions(Just How To Instail It)!! So if anyone ... ANYONE at all knows about this light and knows how to work .

Refugium reverse photo period, could it actually fuel daytime algae?
I was just reading some articles about PH and whatnot (Randy Holmes Farley stuff) and started to think about CO2. If algae gives off Co2 at night time when it isn't photosynthesizing, then the chaeto ball in.

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Cyprichromis leptosoma